RS 328 — Die Minarette der Musalla

• R. Stuckert (1994): Erinnerungen an Afghanistan, S. 64: „Besonders interessant ist der Gebäudekomplex der ehemaligen Musalla und Medressen (Koranschule). Diese wurden im 15. Jahrhundert gebaut. Im Zusammenhang mit den russisch-englischen Spannungen in diesem Gebiet, Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts, wurden die Bauwerke auf Rat eines Engländers gesprengt. Die Russen sollten sich dort nicht vor der Stadt verschanzen können. Einzig sieben kaminähnliche Minarette stehen noch. Diese bildeten die Eckpfeiler der Gebäudehöfe. Sie sind schätzungsweise um die 50 Meter hoch und waren von oben bis unten mit Keramikmosaiken geschmückt.“
• The Illustrated London News, Vol. 87 (1885/2), Aug. 15, S. 179: Stich (Major Holdich): „The Masulla and tomb of Sultan Shah Rukh.“
• M.H.L. (1886): La Russie et l'Angleterre en Asie centrale, S. 187: „La Massoula (nom que porte ce mausolée) se composait d'une mosquée dont la coupole aux briques jaunes et bleues, dont les 21 minarets étincelaient sous les rayons du soleil malgré les atteintes que le temps avait fait subir au monument.“
• C.E. Stewart (1886): The Herat valley and the Persian Border, S. 147: „Another excursion we made was to the Masulla, or Great Mosque, just outside the town of Herat. The faïence that covers the wall is very beautiful, and such enamelled tiles cannot now be made, the art having been lost in Persia and the East.“
• W. Peacocke (1887): Diary of Captain Peacocke, S. 160: „The group of the Musalla buildings lying to the north-west of this mound commands it, and is a source of danger to the city. It consists mainly of a large open quadrangle, 200 yards long by 100 yards wide, surrounded by a double-storied row or arched buildings. The whole is most massively built with brick, and its roof would easily support the discharge of field guns. […]“
• T.H. Holdich (1901): The Indian Borderland, S. 142: „[…] the Masalla, a graceful group of buildings of regular Persian style, with a preponderating gateway leading into a court, two side of which were occupied by the cloisters and buildings of the Madrasah (or college), and the end closed in by the mosque. Four minarets, or minars, stood at the corners of the paved platform on which the whole structure was raised. It is said to have been built by Shah Rukh somewhere in the last half of the fifteenth century.“
• L.W. Adamec (1975): Herat and north-western Afghanistan, S. 160-179: Herat.
• R. Samizay (1981): Islamic Architecture in Herat, S. 99-101: Gawharshad Mausoleum, S. 99: „The tomb of Gawharshad, known among the people of Herat as the 'Green Dome', was built in the year 836 A.H. (1431 A.D.). There are many graves inside the building, but among them the two important ones are the graves of Queen Gawharshad and her son Prince Baisanghar. Prince Baisanghar himself was a skilful artist and calligrapher. The plan of the building is square with a cupola on top. The cupola and cylindrical drum are a unique structure having three consecutive domes. […] The drum of the dome on the outside is smooth, but the crowning dome is ribbed in the particular Timurid style and covered with decorative tilework mostly in blue and green. […] The base of the buildings has geometric patterns in alternating plain brick and glazed tile designs. […]“; S. 101: „This structure, although damaged, is a good surviving example of Timurid architecture. Its triple domed structure is unique. Both the outside tilework and the inside paintings are the best examples of Timurid art at the time of Shah Rukh. […]“; S. 102-104: „From the extensive buildings of Sultan Hussein Baiqara and Amir Ali Sher Nawai, there only remain […] isolated standing minarets. The actual buildings at the corners of which these were built, have completely been demolished […]“
• T. Allen (1981): A catalogue of the toponyms and monuments of Timurid Herat, S. 92-93, 113-115 und 122-123: die Musalla und die Madrasah-i Gauhar Shad.
• W. Ball (1981): Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan, S. 123-125: Herat.
• P. Bucherer (1993): Musalla-Complex in Herat.
• M. Fadaeian (2006): Herat Yesterday Today, S. 73-74: „Goharshad was interested in establishing religious buildings, schools and gardens in Herat and Khurasan regions. Several endowments had been made by her, like Goharshad Mosque which is located beside Imam Reza's Shrine. Her birth date is not clear. She was killed on 9, Ramadhan 861 A.H. by Sultan Abou Saied in the White Garden (in Herat) […] Her tomb located in Bagh-e-Neswan, near the Musalla complex, Goharshad school, Goharshad Great Mosque (Masjid Jami), Sultan Husein school […] Unfortunately all these monuments have been ruined. Goharshad tomb is a cubelike building with a stretched dome with cracks on it (like Sufis hat). The dome has three layers which have been put down like three hats. The dome is ornamented with turquoise and azure tiles, arches with tile working, an inscription written in Thulth (ruined) and Kufi scripts. All the building is decorated with stones inscribed with different calligraphies. […]“

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